The roman Republic
How did Rome's Republic develop?
Early rome was divided into 2 classes: the patricians and Plebians. Patricians were wealthy landowners. While the Plebians were the artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms. Both patrician and plebian men had the right to v0te, pay taxes, and serve in the army. But plebians could not hold public office.
How did Rome's government work?
Rome had a 3 part government. One group of people that enforced the law, another group made the law, and a third group that acted as judges or interpreted the law. They had checks and balances so that one group could not get too strong. The top of the government was consuls. There were 2 consuls who were the head of the army and the government, and served for 1 year. They also had the right to veto each other. Then there were the praetors whose main job was t0 interpret the law. Rome's most important body was the senate; this was a select group of 300 patrician men who served for life. They gave advice to the consuls but their power grew over time.
What was the relationship between the Plebians and Patricians like?
The plebians complained about having little power. The Plebians looked to make change , they went on strike and refused to join the army. They also left the city to set up a republic on their own which frightened the Patricians into agreeing to give power to the Plebians. The assembly elected tribunes who brought plebians concerns to the Patricians. Tribunes also had the right to veto government decisions. Eventually the council of the Plebians gained the right to pass laws. Now all men had equal rights but woman still stood without a voice in the government.
Who was Cincinnatus?
Cincinnatus was a Roman dictator. Back in Rome dictators were not bad, they served temporarily and only in emergencies. Cincinnatus was appointed dictator when a powerful army surrounded Rome. The Roman army then defeated the enemy and Cincinnatus returned to his farm not wanting power. George Washington took Cincinnatus for his example. They were both farmers and both defeated armies and did not want power.
What were Rome's law like?
Our legal system is very much like the Roman's. Rome's first code of laws was the 12 tables, these were not written down. As a result the Plebians claimed that the Patricians wer favoring themselves. They demanded that laws be written down for everyone to see , and they began writing them down on bronze tablets. They established the idea that all free citizens are treated equally. They also then created the Law of Nations that dealt with all people everywhere. We still accept these ideas today for example a person is seen innocent until proven guilty. Then they established the Rule of law which is the idea that law should apply to everyone equally.
What was Carthage?
Carthage was an African nation. It was founded in 800 BCE by the Phoenicians who were sea traders from the middle east. By controlling the movement of goods in the region, Carthage made itself the largest and richest city in the Western Mediterranean.
What happened in the 1st,2nd, and 3rd Punic Wars?
The 1st war started because both Rome and Carthage wanted to control Sicily. The Carthaginian colonies on the island but Rome sent armies to take it over. Carthage had a powerful navy and Rome had no navy so Rome had to quickly build a navy which in 20 years actually defeated Carthage in the 1st Punic war.In the second war Carthage to make up for their loss of Sicily had expanded to Spain which Spain did not like so Rome helped the people in Spain fight Carthage. This made Carthage angry and to punish the Romans they sent their best General Hannibal to attack rome which started the 2nd Punic war. He sent 46000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants to Italy. Half of his army died while crossing the Alps but they still fought hard but still lost. In the 3rd war it was basically a clean up of Carthage they enslaved 50,000 people and poured salt all over the land so no crops could grow.
What were some other conquests of the Romans?
Rome made carthage a Roman province and enslaved 50,000 people. Rome succesfully battled many other nations. Two years later the rest of greece became Rome and gained its first province in Asia.
Early rome was divided into 2 classes: the patricians and Plebians. Patricians were wealthy landowners. While the Plebians were the artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms. Both patrician and plebian men had the right to v0te, pay taxes, and serve in the army. But plebians could not hold public office.
How did Rome's government work?
Rome had a 3 part government. One group of people that enforced the law, another group made the law, and a third group that acted as judges or interpreted the law. They had checks and balances so that one group could not get too strong. The top of the government was consuls. There were 2 consuls who were the head of the army and the government, and served for 1 year. They also had the right to veto each other. Then there were the praetors whose main job was t0 interpret the law. Rome's most important body was the senate; this was a select group of 300 patrician men who served for life. They gave advice to the consuls but their power grew over time.
What was the relationship between the Plebians and Patricians like?
The plebians complained about having little power. The Plebians looked to make change , they went on strike and refused to join the army. They also left the city to set up a republic on their own which frightened the Patricians into agreeing to give power to the Plebians. The assembly elected tribunes who brought plebians concerns to the Patricians. Tribunes also had the right to veto government decisions. Eventually the council of the Plebians gained the right to pass laws. Now all men had equal rights but woman still stood without a voice in the government.
Who was Cincinnatus?
Cincinnatus was a Roman dictator. Back in Rome dictators were not bad, they served temporarily and only in emergencies. Cincinnatus was appointed dictator when a powerful army surrounded Rome. The Roman army then defeated the enemy and Cincinnatus returned to his farm not wanting power. George Washington took Cincinnatus for his example. They were both farmers and both defeated armies and did not want power.
What were Rome's law like?
Our legal system is very much like the Roman's. Rome's first code of laws was the 12 tables, these were not written down. As a result the Plebians claimed that the Patricians wer favoring themselves. They demanded that laws be written down for everyone to see , and they began writing them down on bronze tablets. They established the idea that all free citizens are treated equally. They also then created the Law of Nations that dealt with all people everywhere. We still accept these ideas today for example a person is seen innocent until proven guilty. Then they established the Rule of law which is the idea that law should apply to everyone equally.
What was Carthage?
Carthage was an African nation. It was founded in 800 BCE by the Phoenicians who were sea traders from the middle east. By controlling the movement of goods in the region, Carthage made itself the largest and richest city in the Western Mediterranean.
What happened in the 1st,2nd, and 3rd Punic Wars?
The 1st war started because both Rome and Carthage wanted to control Sicily. The Carthaginian colonies on the island but Rome sent armies to take it over. Carthage had a powerful navy and Rome had no navy so Rome had to quickly build a navy which in 20 years actually defeated Carthage in the 1st Punic war.In the second war Carthage to make up for their loss of Sicily had expanded to Spain which Spain did not like so Rome helped the people in Spain fight Carthage. This made Carthage angry and to punish the Romans they sent their best General Hannibal to attack rome which started the 2nd Punic war. He sent 46000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants to Italy. Half of his army died while crossing the Alps but they still fought hard but still lost. In the 3rd war it was basically a clean up of Carthage they enslaved 50,000 people and poured salt all over the land so no crops could grow.
What were some other conquests of the Romans?
Rome made carthage a Roman province and enslaved 50,000 people. Rome succesfully battled many other nations. Two years later the rest of greece became Rome and gained its first province in Asia.